"Faith comes from hearing, and hearing by the word of God." Romans 10:17
The remarkable Holy Scriptures of Judaism: written by the sacred writers who were legends in their own time and for generations beyond; inspired by Almighty God, the King of kings, the Lord of lords, in whose hand is our very life's breath; culminating with the unfolding of Jesus the Christ from its sacred pages by which He was concealed and then revealed.
The Protestant Old Testament is identical to the Holy Scriptures of Judaism. It consists of the 39 protocanonical books. The Catholic Old Testament includes seven additional books as well as additions to Esther and Daniel. Catholics call them the deuterocanonical books or second canon. Protestants call them the apocrypha, meaning of doubtful authenticity or authorship. However, Protestants recognize the historical value of some of the apocryphal books because they fill the 420 year gap between the prophet Malachi and the Gospel of Matthew.
The two most noteworthy translations of the Holy Scriptures of Judaism are the Greek Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate.
When Alexander the Great conquered Egypt, he built the city of Alexandria to showcase the superiority of the Greek culture. The Diaspora was encouraged to settle there and Alexandria became a haven for Hellenists—Jews who adopted the Greek culture.
By the time Ptolemy II took the throne, the Jews in Alexandria spoke Greek rather than Hebrew. Because there was a need for a Greek translation of the Holy Scriptures of Judaism, Ptolemy II commissioned 70 Palestinian Jews to translate the Hebrew Scriptures into Greek in the third century BC. In recognition of their work, the translation was dubbed the Septuagint (from the Latin, septuaginta, meaning seventy).
Fast forward to the fourth century AD and the Golden Age of the Church Fathers. A scholar named Jerome was one of the most able Fathers of the early Christian Church. A superb translator and commentator, he was fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. He was a contemporary of Augustine, an extraordinary theologian, perhaps second only to the Apostle Paul. Augustine praised Jerome’s talents by remarking that, “what Jerome is ignorant of, no mortal man has ever known.”
Jerome's greatest accomplishment was a Latin translation of the Bible known as the Vulgate. The New Testament was his revision of the Old Latin versions which were translated from the Greek. About 390 AD, he began his work on the Old Testament. However, he went beyond the Greek from the Septuagint version of the Old Testament and created a new Latin version translated from the original Hebrew. It was completed about 405 AD.
The Douay Bible is the English translation of Jerome's Latin Vulgate. The New Testament was published in 1582; the Old Testament was published in two volumes, the first in 1609 and the second in 1610. It was the only official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church until well into the Twentieth century.
The King James Bible was published in 1611. It was authorized by King James I of England. Twenty-five gifted translators were involved in the creation of its Old Testament. That translation was based on the Masoretic Text, abbreviated MT.
The MT is the official Hebrew version of the Holy Scriptures of Judaism. It was copied, edited, and distributed by a group of Jews known as the Masoretes between the 8th and 11th centuries AD. Codex Leningrad is the oldest copy of the MT. It is dated to 1000 AD.
The King James Bible together with the New King James version are probably the most widely used Bibles in the English-speaking Protestant world.
"All scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in righteousness." 2 Timothy 3:16